The Theme of Freedom and Childhood in Jane Eyre - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 455 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Freedom Essay Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? Jane Eyre From her trials during childhood with her abusive Aunt and relatives, to her time at Lowood, her affection for Mr. Rochester, and her teaching and encounters with the Rivers. Jane learns many valuable and worthwhile lessons throughout the book. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Theme of Freedom and Childhood in Jane Eyre" essay for you Create order From childhood Jane was forthright, and slowly she learned how to stand up for herself; starting with her reproaching John Reed for hitting her. The outcome of this unfortunately lead to Jane being sent to Lowood an institution for orphans; there it was very harsh, cold, and mean, but Jane was lucky enough to make friends with Helen and also Miss Temple. Jane remained at the school for eight years, six as a student and two as a teacher. Finally with the education she had gained she became a governess at Thornfield Manor for a French girl named Adele. Jane worked under the command of Mr. Rochester. The many events that happen at Thornfield cause Jane to feel many different emotions; joy, despair, frustration, love and hope. She finally becomes a teacher and lives with the Rivers. Later finding out she has an inheritance from her uncle. Which she shares with the Rivers. Theres a lot to this book and Jane changes a lot. from Gateshead to Lowood school, Jane freedom andwas no longer confined to her cruel aunts house. No more bully, no more ignorance and no more loneliness, Jane was able to adjust herself into a normal girl. Through learning from Helen and God, since Lowood School was Christian, Jane realized the sense of obedience. This learning helped her attitude to accept challenges and difficulties, instead of complaining. Her life at Lowood gave her peace even with the poor living condition. From Lowood to Thornfield, even freedom was given both mentally and physically since there were less rules. Jane had to set her own rules and give direction to herself. Her confidence and thoughts caught Mr. Rochesters attention. After the outbreak of Mr. Rochesters former marriage, Jane remained calm. Jane kept aware of her self-worth and left Thornfield to keep learning and to keep searching for her own meaning of life. From Thornfield to Moor house, she lost everything herself. Without the job at Thornfield, she was poor. While she stayed at the Moor House, Jane was given a job to help St. John to manage the school. From Moor House to Ferdean Manor, with her uncles fortune, Jane had become a wealthy, independent, woman. Instead, great difference was made when she was back to help Mr. Rochester. Compared to how she went to him before poor and needing help to now going to the opposite. I told you I am independent, sir, as well as rich: I am my own mistress.

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1802 Words

Today’s society devotes excessive amounts of time toward using technology. It is estimated that children spend at least 75 hours on electronic media and that adults spend at least 77 hours. This obsession with technology was inferred long before smartphones were created. Although it was written in 1953, the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury envisions a future consumed by electronics akin to today’s society. Fahrenheit 451 mirrors the present society because it exhibits the misuse of technology, the influence that technology has on relationships, and the lust for eternal bliss. First, Bradbury anticipates the current society’s abuse of technology. When Montag enters the firehouse, the Hound reacts hostilely towards him. Montag suspects that one of the fireman may have reprogrammed the Hound’s behavior by adjusting the amino acid content in the master file. Technological advances in Fahrenheit 451 go as far as being able to provide inanimate objects with human emotions. For example, the Hound responds to Montag by growling and may react to another fireman in a contrasting manner. Likewise, humans may smile at friendly faces and may glare at their adversaries. Faber is also aware of the how rapidly technology can restrain someone. When Montag visits Faber for the last time, Faber reveals his mini-T.V. screen and how its size enables him to have absolute authority. Considering the screen’s size, Faber can conceal it with just his hand which gives him influence over theShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes eve n the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions ( lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montagâ€℠¢s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesTh e novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury943 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451, written in 1951 by Ray Bradbury. There are many similarities between the novel and contemporary society, including technology, family lifestyle and censorship. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury’s main focus was on technology, such as televisions. Televisions were a big deal back in 1950, individuals were thrilled to get their hands on the new device. When it comes to Mildred, Montag s wife in Fahrenheit 451 novel. Mildred was so obsessed with televisions. She had three differentRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to lose

Danish Jawed , the Outstanding Canadian Playwright free essay sample

Man in Canada’ :Danish Jawaid ,the Outstanding Playwright of Indian Origin Dr. Ratan Bhattacharjee Photos of Tele Film and Danish Jawaid in many positions https://www. facebook. com/media/set/? set=a. 10151230280374782. 551455. 656559781type=1 www. rangmanch-canada. org/ https://www. facebook. com/media/set/? set=a. 10150189094839782. 373752. 656559781type=3 Danish Jawaid while in Canada, continued to take an interest in Urdu literary activities in and around Toronto by holding literary gatherings at his residence, and attending and participating in events of a similar nature. His very presence in Canada served as a catalytic agent. Even though he devoted most of his time here to academic pursuits, the Urdu-speaking literary world would endearingly refer to him as our man in Canada. The main thrust of South Asian Canadian writers is away from  India  and towards  Canada. In other words, it is an out of  India  or away from  India  experience that is being recorded. His Hijrat Ke Tamashey was adapted for a 13 episode serial produced by Omni 2 TV in Toronto in 2007 with reruns in 2009. 2010. and 2011. Mr. Jawaid bagged The Civic Arts Award –Pickering 2010, South Asian Theatre Festival Award- New Jersey 2008, and the Shiromani Sahitya Award- India 2007. He presented his plays in Delhi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Dhaka, Karachi, Sweden, and Tokyo and also attended many festivals. Jawaid Danish ‘s Bara Shayar , Chhota Aadmi is an out and out a Canadian Production and the Tele film will appeal to Young and Old, South Asian and Immigrants of Other Nationalities. The award winning play was written and directed by Jawaid Danish himself . The eight week shooting project started with MAHURAT of the first Indian Tele Film Bara Shayar Chhota Aadmi Jawaid Danish in Toronto in the presence of the Sahitya Akademy winning playwright and Director of films , Mahesh Dattani. It is a historic day for the artists of Rangmanch –Canada as Mahesh Dattani clapped the first shot for The Mahurat Ceremony of the film on June 16. It is a Barefoot Films Canada Production . Theatre and Movie goers in Canada are well acquainted with the name of Jawaid Danish who addressed in his plays and other write ups the trials and tribulations of immigrant families in Canada . The play was 45 min. with a central issue of a visiting poet, and his love triangle here, resulting to a suicide of one girl, but the film is 90 min. and deals a bigger picture of immigrants and their cultural and psychological problems here, and some comical language flavours of different Indian character here. The storyline is quite funny however. There are great poets but some times because of avarice and lack of moral values, they become very mean and insensitive. The hero of the story is a great poet, but he is not a great man in real terms. Danish is not criticising all great poets or artists, but exception governs the world. He is invited by an old girl friend to Canada, but when he meets a young girl as his fan, he ignores the old flame and becomes busy with the new one. It is a very interesting story. Immigration remains one of the hot button issues throughout Canada. It is a recurring theme in his plays . There are ,however, multiple perspectives in the play of Danish including immiration. The subject of immigration has recently moved to the forefront in Canada. In the past it was for granted that Canada was a welcoming country. But as the Canadian economy became more fragile and the population rose, more people started questioning whether Canada is allowing too many immigrants. And after 9/11, the Canadian government aligned itself with the U. S. in becoming more restrictive. The paranoia toward the Arab world began to grow. Three years earlier Richard Jenkins also received an Oscar nod for his role in  The Visitor, the story of a professor whose life is transformed by his encounter with a Middle Eastern immigrant threatened with deportation. Chris Weitz’s  A Better Life  earned a surprising and well deserved Oscar nomination for its lead actor,Demian Bichir who gave a superb performance as an illegal immigrant from Mexico struggling to keep control of his family. The protagonist of  Monsieur Lazhar, Bachir Lazhar (played by Algerian actor Fellag) is a man seeking political asylum in Canada because of violence against his family in Algeria. In addition to gripping scenes about student-teacher relations, the film incorporates a number of scenes of Lazhar and his lawyer arguing his case before skeptical immigration authorities. In this context Bara Shayar , Chhota Aadmi, the first Indian Tele Film of Danish is indeed a milestone. The seriousness of the theme is transcended in comicality. Danish is a celebrated author of a dozen of books in Urdu. The award winning play was published in M. Hasan edited anthology Intekhab E Urdu Drama which is a collection of urdu plays written over the last fifty years. The play is translated in Hindi, Bengali and Kannadi Danish has transitioned from writing plays to staging live performances and organising ‘One of A Kind,’ Multi Lingual Hindustani Drama Festivals during last ten years in Toronto. This contemporary Film Venture is a natural progression to provide a bigger platform to issues of interest to immigrants. Bara Shayar , Chhota Aadmi has Shazina Manzoor as Co-Producer, with Nitin Sawant in photography , and Kazim Ali, Playback Singer Aliya Sharafi, background Music Ustad Akhter Showket, and with a galaxy local  Canadian   talents starring Azfar Tahir , Vishnu Sharma, Shazina Manzoor, Rafia Iqbal, Naimesh nanavaty, Aneri nanavaty, Afroz Khan, Farrukh Abbas, Kamran Rizvi, Chaudhury Suhail Mansoor, Mirza Mohsin Alam, Jasmine Sawant , Shobna Sharma, Adeel Danish and Dr. Khalid Sohail. Well wishers, friends, journalists both print and T. V. and Radio were present to cover this event and congratulate the cast and crew of Bara Shayar Chhota Aadmi. Danish addresses wide ranging topics from AIDS , Cancer, and Mercy Killing to satires on Arranged Marriage . But in this telefilm the fun of the story consist in the satirical presentation of some of the brand name Artists, who when visiting North America, misuse the opportunity, and exploit the situation, they will talk highly about the culture and language and they are all appreciation when they are abroad, the same person criticises and ridicule after coming back to India. As South Asian or any immigrants are very sensitive, and go through a lot of cultural shocks, they are more prone to mental health problems, depression and sucide is common, the children of immigrants are also facing two life styles, they are Indian at home and White ouside. In all this they have to maintain their culture and language which is a big task for them. All these are beautifully focused in the storyline which contains a love triangle plus he Mumbai masala and flavours of different Indian language character, there are Gujarati manager, Bihari assistant, Gay U. P. wala and offcourse, a very strong Hindu Urdu poet. Danish very pertinently uses this poet as an icon of communal harmony , the national unity of Hindu- Muslim diversity. His play is unique in the sense that only Danish with his in-depth study and unconventional if not iconoclastic approach in an era of sweeping changes, could have penned such a masterpiece in which the soul of Canadian immigrants has been captured. It is the story of generations of people living in Canada during a turbulent period . The comedy of an individual turns out to be a mirror image of an entire culture. Such affirmations serve to camouflage the central impulse of many of the novels of the South Asian Diaspora. Theatre is a great source of comfort and healing. The mission of Rangmanch -Canada is not merely to nurture the creative talents of their members but also to represent theatre for peace , purpose and passion. The Rangmanch-Canada has the goal of providing quality theatre while entertaining and educating diverse community in an atmosphere that promotes personal development , peace and multicultural vision of the community and also for improving the responsiveness of mainstream arts and cultural organizations to the needs of New Canadians. Diasporic writings are invariably concerned with the individuals or communitys attachment to the centrifugal homeland. But this attachment is countered by a yearning for a sense of belonging to the current place of abode . This makes diasporic narratives both transitional and liminal. The texts themselves are journeys between source cultures and target cultures, between homelands and diasporas, until the two overlap, change places, or merge. Jawaid is a playwright and poet, more the playwright . His radio play Prometheus created a sensation. Aawargi (Safarnama-Europe aur America) ,Mazeed Aawrgi(Safarnama Japan) Kale Jismon Ki Riyazat (Tarjuma Afriqi Adab, Hamrah Khalid Sohail), Aik Aur Awargi (Safarnama Hindi),are travelogues. Hijrat ke Tamashey is his drama collection and . Bhopa is the Bengali translation of Hijrat keTamashey drama. Inqalab e Zanj is a revolutionary play in translation and Aik Baap ki Aulaad (Tarjuma-Falastini aur Israili Aadab, Hamrah Khalid Sohail) . But in the tele film Bara Shayar , Chhota Aadmi Danish’s own resolution of the crisis of being diasporic is eloquently expressed in his affirmation of the blessings of double vision. A nation needs a diaspora to reaffirm its own sense of rootedness . The way in which Danish deals with the theme of immigration in his tele film relates to their homelands will help one understand how diasporas regard themselves. The theme of belonging opposes rootedness to uprootedness, establishment to marginality. The theme of longing harps on the desire for change and movement, but relates this to the enigma of arrival, which brings a similar desire to return to what one has left. All these are comically seen in Jawaid’s Bara Shayar , Chhota Aadmi . In the tele film the visual renders the theme of immigration more appealingly. There are four distinct layers or groups within the South Asian diaspora. It seems to me that three of these four groups may be clubbed together by the setting of most of their writings. For instance, the second group consisting of Indo-Caribbean and Indo-African writers depict what we could call an â€Å"in-Canada† experience. West Indian Writing in Canada is largely  immigrant writing, preoccupied with the complexities, contradictions, and ambivalences associated with leaving one society and adjusting to another. In the Canadian context, this usually the experience of the hostility and racism encountered by the immigrant and of the transition from the older diasporic homeland to the new, Northern home in  Canada. These writers may take either a traditionalist . The fourth group, too, writes mostly about the Canadian experience; in fact, their stance is not only  towards  Canada, but  within  Canada. There is not other homeland for them to compare their present location with;  Canada  is the only homeland they know. Yet, their heritage distinguishes them from â€Å"unmarked† or default Canadians. Their texts attempt to explore the special challenges and problems of their Canadian, albeit hyphenated identities. Danish’s plays and other write ups are important milestones in the Canadian immigration context. Being born in India , he knows the differences between the two cultures and his uprootedness is never a crisis for him. He welcomes it in the motif of assimilation which many immigrants cannot do easily. The tele film that is all over Indian is done all by the Canadian actors and actresses. This is where Danish excels as a writer.

Microsoft Search Engine

Introduction The rise in the use of the internet has created the need to use search engines. This has led to a development of new products such as Bing, Yahoo, and Google search engines to suit the growing demand. The profitability of the search engine market has greatly increased to a tune of more than $40 billion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Search Engine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The search engine market is highly dominated by three players. As at 2012, the search engine market was dominated by Google at 85.2% of the global market share, Yahoo had 6.2% while Bing for Microsoft had 5.2%. Pie chart one illustrates the proportion of market share occupied by the various companies. In as much as Microsoft Corporation has been successful in the hardware and software industry, Bing has faced a number of problems in gaining market share as a new product in the search engine market. This can be maj orly attributed to aggressive competition from Google. This treatise discusses whether on not Microsoft should stay in the search market. Pie chart one – illustration of market share Arguments for Introduction of a new product in a market which seems over dominated by a single player can be challenging. Porters five forces explains the attractiveness and the concentration of competition in a market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the five forces, the bargaining power of the customer is of most importance since it can help a company decide on whether to stay in the market or not (Roy 24) In the search engine market, a substantial amount of revenue is generated from the advertisement. Microsoft has been able to attract a large number of customers by trying to allure small companies through free advertisements. This project has been fruitful especially in attr acting small companies. Therefore, Microsoft should remain in the business to as to grow with the customers and increase further the market share. Arguments against The financial statements reveal that the Bing has been reporting losses since its formation in 2009. The company has not been able to recover the cost of developing and maintaining the product. The cost of running the search engine exceeds the revenue earned. Thus, the fact that the product cannot recover the cost of operation gives a reason why it should be withdrawn from the market. Besides, the losses earned from Bing reduces the profits attributed to shareholder and the value of the company. Thus, bing should be removed from the market. Further, based on the Porter’s five forces, the intensity of the competition may not allow Bing to penetrate and gain a profitable market share in the search engine industry (Roy 25). Further, since the product replaced Microsoft search network, there has been growth in the per formance of the product. It is noticeable that the market share of the product has been declining at a high rate. Another, reason why Bing cannot survive in the search engine market is that the main competitor offers high quality services with a large number of add on to the customers. This creates a slim chance for Bing to attract new customer to switch from their competitors’ products. Thus, the buyers propensity to substitute is negligible (The New York Times Company 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Search Engine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In summary, the discussions above show that the reasons against outweighs the reasons that support the stay of the product in the market. The main tool for analysis is the Porter’s five forces. Thus, the management should consider selling the product at a profit. Works Cited Roy, Daniel. Strategic Foresight and Porter’s Five Forces: Towards a Synthesis, GRIN Verlag: Germany, 2011. Print. The New York Times Company 2011, Can Microsoft Make You ‘Bing’? 04 Mar. 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/technology/with-the-bing-search-engine-microsoft-plays-the-underdog.html?pagewanted=all_r=0. This essay on Microsoft Search Engine was written and submitted by user Juliette Munoz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Essay Example

Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Essay Example Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Paper Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Paper It is also used in the laboratories in obtaining design, interpretation of rate of reaction and numerical treatment of kinetics experimental data for different types of reacting systems. The use of a batch reactor for the most part eliminates the effects due to fluid flow on the resulting reaction rates. Consequently, the data reflect the intrinsic kinetics for the reaction being investigated. The objectives of this experiments To find the reaction rate constant in a batch stirred tank reactor for the specification of ethyl acetate with dilute sodium hydroxide. To determine the effect of temperature on reaction rate constant. To find the values of rate constant and Awareness parameters. Equipment used Arm field batch stirred tank reactor A stop clock A conductivity meter Water bath (tank) with a thermostat Funnel A heat controller Two flasks of one liter each and Stock solutions (0. 1 M sodium hydroxide and 0. MM ethyl acetate). The key results obtained include Table showing rate constant, , , in a batch stirred tank reactor. T( Rate constant/ 25 30 To conclude All the objectives where met as the results below shows and from those results there is a clear indication that conductivity is inversely proportional to he temperature also the reaction rate constant is directly proportional to the temperature . From the experiment it shows that in a batch reactor, since there is no inflow or outflow, the reactants concentration reduces with time. For an overall second order reaction (first order in both components) like the one that was done in the lab, the reaction rate is also dependent on the concentration of the reactants unlike a zero order reaction that is independent of the concentrations of the reactants. Conductivity of a solution decreases with time as the solution loses it ions, it will become less conductive. The things that I learnt doing this experiment are What I have learnt from this experiment was that conductivity is used instead of concentration may be since they both directly proportional to each other and affected with the same parameters. Also I have learnt how the rate Of a reaction could be increased or decreased by factors such as temperature. Introduction A batch reactor is used in chemical processes for small scale operation, for testing new processes that have not been fully developed, for the manufacturer of expensive products and for processes that are difficult to convert to continuous operations. The advantage of batch reactor is high conversion which be obtained by leaving the reactant in the reactor for long periods of time but it also has the disadvantages of high labor costs per batch and the difficulty of large scale production. In a batch reactor, all the reactants are loaded at once, the concentration then varies with time, but at any one time it is uniform throughout. Agitation serves to mix separate feeds initially and to enhance heat transfer. Batch reactors are popular in practice because of their flexibility with respect to reaction time and to the kinds and quantities of reactions that can process. The characteristic of batch reactor such as the total mass of each batch is mixed, each batch is a closed system and the reaction (residence) time for all elements of fluid is the same. A chemical reactor is an equipment unit in a chemical process where chemical reactions take place to generate a desirable product at a specified production rate, using a given chemistry. The reactor configuration and its operating conditions are selected to achieve certain objectives such as maximizing the profit of the process, and minimizing the generation of pollutants, while satisfying several design and operating constraints (safety, controllability, availability of raw materials, etc. ). Usually, the performance of the chemical reactor plays a pivotal role in the operation and economics of the entire process since its operation affects most other units in the process (separation units, utilities, etc. ). Chemical reactors usually fulfill three main requirements: 1 . Provide appropriate contacting of the reactants. 2. Provide the necessary reaction time for the formation of the desirable product. 3. Provide the heat-transfer capability required to maintain the specified temperature range. In many instances these three requirements are to complimentary, and achieving one of them comes at the expense of another. A batch experimental reactor is used for slow reactions since species compositions can be readily measured with time. Batch reactors are used widely in industry at all scales. Batch reactors are tanks , commonly provided with agitation and a method of heat transfer ( usually by coils or external jacket) . This type of reactor is primarily employed for relatively slow reactions of several hours duration, since the downtime for filling and emptying large equipment can be significant. Agitation is used to maintain homogeneity and to improve heat transfer. In a batch reactor it consists of a tank, integral heating and cooling system; one or more fluid reagents are introduced into a tank reactor equipped with an impeller which helps to stirs the reagents to ensure proper perfect mixing. Batch chemical reactors are used for a variety of process operations such as solids dissolution, product mixing, chemical reactions, batch distillation, crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction and popularization. Chemical reactors vary widely in size, shape and method of operation; the simple types of reactor are: batch reactor (BRB); based on omelet mixing, plug flow reactor (PR); based on plug flow, continues stirred tank reactors (CAST); based on back-mix flow and laminar flow reactor (ELF); based on laminar flow. Batch reactors are used both in laboratories and industrial process for prod icing chemicals. In the laboratories, it is used in Of kinetics experimental data for different types Of reacting systems. In industries, it is used for small scale production; especially for situations whereby switching from one process or product to another are required; such as in manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production f polyvinyl chloride (involving suspension of popularization) and emotion popularization latex Generally several factors could influence the rate of a chemical reaction. Some of these factors include: Temperature Concentration State of reactants (that is if they are solid, liquid or gas) Order of reaction Theory The overall mass balance for the stirred reactor can be written as: Rate of change within the reactor = Input -?output-Loss by reaction For batch operation, the overall mass balance can be rearranged to: Rate of change within the reactor Loss by reaction I. E. For a material A: Where: CACAO is input concentration of A in the input stream CA = exit concentration of A in the exit stream RA rate of reaction of A. In homogeneous reaction systems, reaction rates depend on the concentration of the reactants. Collision theory indicates a rate increase if the concentration of one or both of the reactants is increased. Conversely, lowering the concentration should have the opposite effect. However, the specific effect of concentration changes in a reaction system has to be determined by experimental methods. Increasing the concentration Of substance A in reaction with substance B old increase the reaction rate, decrease it or have no effect on it depending on the particular reaction. It is important to recognize that the balanced equation for the net reaction does not indicate how the reaction rate is affected by a change in concentration of reactants. The general form of the rate law for a bimolecular reaction is: The reaction to be studied in this experiment for the batch reactor was for the specification Of ethyl acetate with dilute sodium hydroxide. The equation is as shown below: Specification is the name given to the chemical reaction that occurs when a getable oil or animal fat is mixed with a strong alkali. The products of the reaction are two: soap and glycerin. Water is also present, but it does not enter into the chemical reaction. The water is only a vehicle for the alkali, which is otherwise a dry powder. It is commonly refers to the reaction of a metallic alkali such as Lye (A. K. A. Sodium Hydroxide or Noah) with an animal or vegetable fat, or oil to produce soap. In this reaction, two products result: Soap and Glycerin. The equation is as shown below: The structural formula is shown below: Sodium Hydroxide (Noah) is a caustic base or metallic alkali Noah is used in his experiment which means it will result in a hard soap will result. In specification, the metallic alkali, in this case sodium hydroxide (Noah) breaks down the fat with which it is mixed. In soap making, fats used can either be vegetable oils like olive Oil, or animal fats. When the oil Or fat is mixed with the base the process takes place it can be endothermic reaction meaning it absorbs surrounding heat or exothermic reaction releasing heat. In the reaction the rate is expected to depend on the concentration of A and B. The order of the reaction in both components is first; therefore the action has an overall order of two, since the overall order is the sum of the power order of each of the components. Thus, from Equating equation (1) and (2) it gives: However, if the two concentration are made equal from the start, then; Integrating gives the equation 5 below: From equation (5), a graph of against can be plotted which will give a slope that is equal to rates constant Concentration of hydroxide, is the concentration of reactant A in the exit stream at time t is the initial concentration of Noah is the conductivity of the solution at time t is the conductivity Of the solution at the end Of reaction s the initial conductivity at time t = O The relationship between reaction rate and temperature is explained by Awareness equation which is given as: is the reaction rate constant is the universal gas constant (8. 314] mol-K-1) is temperature is the activation energy (k mol-l) is Awareness constant or pre-exponential factor (5-1) for a first order reaction By applying natural logarithm to both sides, equation 7 above can be re- written as shown below: A plot of against would yield a strai ght line graph from which A can be obtained as the intercept of the line at. The activation energy (EAI) can then be obtained from the slope of the graph which is given as. Thus if the slope, S z, then the activation energy can be estimated as: Reactions with low activation energy are relatively temperature-insensitive while those with high activation energies are very temperature sensitive. Therefore, any given reaction is much more temperature-sensitive at a low temperature than at a high temperature. Thus the batch stirred tank reactor allows to measure rates of reaction by observing the change of reactant concentration within the reactor with time. It can also easily change and control the temperature of the system. Experimental equipment 1 Figure 1: Layout of the experimental equipment Description As seen in figure 2, the experimental diagram shows the equipment used in the laboratory practical and the layout. These include: 1. Arm field batch reactor, which was the main equipment that was used for the experiment to take place where the reactants were mixed in; 2. A stop clock for measuring time (in seconds) after start up as the run proceed; 3. A portable conductivity meter, which measures the time dependent conductivity of the solution in the tank. The unit on the meter is Siemens m-l; 4. Water bath with a thermostat, here ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide were place in other to maintain their temperature; 5. Funnel used to pour ethyl acetate and diluted sodium hydroxide into the batch reactor; 6. Heat controller used to control the temperature for the experiment at the different temperature; 7. Flasks used to measure out 1 liter Of each reactant(ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide); 8. Water solution used to put the conductivity probe inside while the reactants were poured into the reactor; 9. A thermometer for measuring the water temperature. Experimental Procedure 1 . The reaction temperature was initially set to 25 co on the thermostatic tat. 2. Two 1 liter flasks were filled to the mark with sodium hydroxide solution and ethyl acetate solution respectively. They were then placed in the bath. 3. The reaction temperature was set on the reactor control panel. 4. The conductivity meter was set up and its probe end was placed in the bath to come reaction temperature. 5. The flasks were allowed to reach reaction temperature. 6. The solution of sodium hydroxide (1 liter) was added to the reactor, as well as the solution of ethyl acetate (1 liter) was added to the reactor and the clock was started when ca. 50% was added. 7. After 30 seconds, the ca. 200 ml ample was withdrawn from the reactor and straight after that, its conductivity was measured, noting time. The sample was then returned to the reactor and the probe to the bath. 8. This was repeated every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. 9. The experiment was allowed to run for another 20 minutes, this time taking readings every 3 minutes. 10. The experiment was then repeated at different temperatures of ICC and ICC Observations It was observed that the conductivity readings obtained at ICC, ICC and ICC decreases with time.

Tables of Regular Italian Verb Endings

Tables of Regular Italian Verb Endings While there are many irregular verbs in Italian (not pointing any fingers at you,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"essere† or â€Å"avere†), a vast number of them follow a pattern that can be memorized and then applied on the spot. Below you’ll find tables with verbs endings for regular first-, second-, and third-conjugation verbs. INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Present/Presente ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular o o o/isco II i i i/isci III a e e/isce I plural iamo iamo iamo II ate ete ite III ano ono ono/iscono Mangiare - to eat io mangio noi mangiamo tu mangi voi mangiate lui, lei, Lei mangia Essi, Loro mangiano Credere - to believe io credo noi crediamo tu credi voi credete lui, lei, Lei crede Essi, Loro credono Partire - to leave io parto noi partiamo tu parti voi partite lui, lei, Lei parte Essi, Loro partono You may notice that in the third-conjugation section (-ire), there are two options- â€Å"-o† and â€Å"-isco.†Ã‚  So how do you know which one to use? The verbs that end in â€Å"-isc† are a part of a special group of third conjugation Italian verbs (verbs ending in –ire). One good example of such verbs is finire (to finish). PRESENT INDICATIVE //  finire - to finish io finisco noi finiamo tu finisci voi finite lui, lei, Lei finisce Essi, Loro finiscono Note that the â€Å"-isc† needs to be added to the stem of all three singular (io, tu, lei) and the third-person plural (loro) forms in the present subjunctive tenses, as well as the second and third person singular and the third-person plural forms of the present imperative tense. Other verbs that need the -isc- suffix and are conjugated similar to finire include  capire  and  preferire. Unfortunately, there is no way to know which third conjugation verbs are isc verbs beyond memorizing them. Imperfect/Imperfetto ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular avo evo ivo II avi evi ivi III ava eva iva I plural avamo evamo ivamo II avate evate ivate III avano evano ivano Mangiare - to eat io mangiavo noi mangiavamo tu mangiavi voi mangiavate lui, lei, Lei mangiava Essi, Loro mangiavano Credere - to believe io credevo noi credevamo tu credevi voi credevate lui, lei, Lei credeva Essi, Loro credevano Partire - to leave io partivo noi partivamo tu partivi voi partivate lui, lei, Lei partiva Essi, Loro partivano Past absolute/Passato remoto ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular ai ei/etti ii II asti esti isti III /ette I plural ammo emmo immo II aste este iste III arono erono/ettero irono Mangiare - to eat io mangiai noi mangiammo tu mangiasti voi mangiaste lui, lei, Lei mangi loro, Loro mangiarono Credere - to believe, to think io credei/credetti noi credemmo tu credesti voi credeste lui, lei, Lei cred/credette loro, Loro crederono/credettero Partire - to leave io partii noi partimmo tu partisti voi partiste lui, lei, Lei part loro, Loro partirono Note that the past remote tense isn’t as commonly used in daily conversation in the center and the north of Italy. It’s used, but if you’re a beginner or intermediate student, it makes more sense to stick to the tenses you’re going to need to have a flexible and fluid conversation, like the other three listed as well as il passato prossimo. Future/Futuro semplice ENDING ARE ERE IRE I singular er er ir II erai erai irai III er er ir I plural eremo eremo iremo II erete erete irete III eranno eranno iranno Mangiare - to eat io manger noi mangeremo tu mangerai voi mangerete lui, lei, Lei manger loro, essi mangeranno Credere - to believe io creder noi crederemo tu crederai voi crederete lui, lei, Lei creder loro, essi crederanno Partire - to leave io partir noi partiremo tu partirai voi partirete lui, lei, Lei partir loro, essi partiranno

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 6

International Marketing - Essay Example attitudes of consumer sophistication and exploiting the opportunities for blending innovations with the company’s exclusive business operations (Belderbous & Zou, 2007). Coca-Cola follows a perfect blend of standardisation and adaptation strategies for its marketing mix worldwide. It follows the standardisation approach by offering the similar range of beverages in the equivalent variants across the globe and communicates a uniform message in every international market so that the consumers can develop a strong brand image and develop associations with the same brand at a worldwide level. In order to reach the target market effectively in all its international operations, it has ensured that there is uniformity in its marketing mix that comprises of product, place, price and promotion. The foremost area of focus is the product range offered to the consumers in the international markets. It has the same logo, brand image, target market, reputation, brand loyalty, brand awareness and perceived quality in foreign markets. The success of maintaining consistency among worldwide operations is the economies of scale that it has achieved by effectively integrating all its business operations. The contributing factor of the efficient economies of scale is the competent running of a large-scale system of franchising for its operations of bottling. In terms of pricing, it has adopted a standardisation method by offering the varying variants of the products at affordable price ranges. The main aim of the company is to be the most easily accessible soft drink that people can buy anytime anywhere round the globe. For instance, it charges a constant price across the countries as it is offering consistent taste and quality to the customers by implementing the standard operating procedures and processes in all its manufacturing plants. A standard price allows consumers to trust the brand and this also adds on towards the credibility and brand loyalty of the consumers towards

Cultural Differences and People Management Essay - 4

Cultural Differences and People Management - Essay Example It  has been one of my favourite subjects by far. It  was one of my favourite lessons in class. It was very informative, and I got to test some of the theories that I learned. I totally agree with the notion that collectivist and individualist cultures exist, and the society is mainly made up from these cultures. In a class, I got to learn that people belonging to the collectivist cultures place high value to society as a whole. They live a more selfless life working hard for themselves and even harder for the welfare of their community. However, an individualist society is a little different from this. In such societies, people tend to place more importance on individual goals rather to the objectives of the society. There is only ‘I’ and no ‘We’ in this type of a culture. I wanted to see if this was true and I researched on the Internet. Triandis (1995) has written an entire book on these types of cultures, and he writes that people from collectivist cultures are nurtured and raised to think about the society rather than about them. People in this kind of a culture live with unity often seeking help from one another. Triandis (1995) describes the individualists as entirely different. People living in these kinds of cultures promote individual goals. They are independent and feel ashamed of seeking help from others. These readings proved very beneficial for me. I never knew that these cultures existed until I took a closer look at different communities that exist in my country. One of my father’s close friends is an Indian, and I have grown up seeing him. When I went through the notes, he was the first person that came to my mind. Mr Mukesh was so much like what I had studied in class. He lives in an Indian neighbourhood where everyone interacts on a daily basis. I happen to know this because I have witnessed it with my own eyes. There are always relatives and other neighbours in their house when I go there. Mr

The Village Essay Example for Free

The Village Essay Describe the opening scenes or sections of the text. Explain how the opening scenes or section helped you to understand what the texts were going to be about, using examples of visual and/or oral language features to support your ideas. The Village is an isolated community foundered in order to evade the corruption of the present day world. In an attempt to prohibit people from leaving, a cunning scheme to generate fear is put in place. Behind this pernicious act, is an innocent intention. These two ideas, of evil and innocence, can be depicted from the opening credits. The director, M.  Night Shyamalan cleverly intertwines intriguing camera angles, chilling images, and eerie, yet pure music to convey these themes. Composers often convey emotion through their music in the form of different instruments. Particular instruments are more suited to portraying certain emotions, and audiences can decipher what emotion is being portrayed depending on the instrument used. At the beginning of the opening credits, a flute, conveying innocence and naivety is used. The mellow, calming sound of the flute is later contrasted by a steady menacing drum beat that enters the piece of music as the title, â€Å"The Village† materialises. Slowly, the tempo of the piece accelerates causing a sense of uneasiness and tension within the audience. Gradually, the double bass is introduced into the music adding greater mystery, and apprehension. This music sequence highlights the idea that the content of â€Å"The Village† is supposedly meant to be pure and innocent but somehow encompasses a form of evil and hostility. The looming images of stark trees in dark lighting foreshadow the events that will follow. The dark images in the foreground of every shot are lit by the space in the background creating shadows and a spooky feel. The images are of lifeless trees. This is unsettling, and it makes the viewer feel intimidated, and insignificant. The austere branches are dappled in moonlight telling the viewer that it is night-time. The significance of this is that all strange and mysterious things seem to occur at night, reinforcing the suspicion that a dark theme will be involved in the film. Camera angles are used for a similar effect to music, in that they can help in portraying emotions. In â€Å"The Village†, the camera encircles the tree from a low angle engendering two effects. When the camera circles the trees, it creates the illusion that everything within the forest is haunted and live. This effect is complimented by the low angle shot as the low angle shot enables the tree branches to seem threatening and overwhelming. The camera also only reveals snippets of trees, and will not display a shot for very long. This makes the viewer feel uncomfortable and confused as they don’t quite understand what is happening, and they feel as if they can not control the situation. The feelings these techniques give the audience point towards something foreboding in the film, and really brace the audience for what they are about to watch.

Sigmund Freud Essay -- essays research papers

Sigmund Freud In the 1920s, the world was changing dramatically. Underground salons were built, new architecture was used and modern dance was introduced. If it were not for certain people, the world would not be the way it is today. In the twenties, new theories and ideas in science and psychology were being presented daily. Sigmund Freud changed the world of psychology by presenting new and controversial ideas on psychology and having his theories published. Freud broke cultural boundaries as he fought scientists opposed to his books and continued to study the human mind. Freud truly helped change the world in the 1920s and his influence remains today. Sigmund Freud was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1856. His father was a small time merchant. Sigmund’s family moved to Vienna when he was four. Freud was very ambitious and a good student. In 1873, Freud entered the medical school of the University of Vienna. Freud was mainly interested in science and hoped become a neuropsychological researcher. However, because of his financial situation, Freud was unable to pursue his desired career. Researchers in the twenties had to be wealthy because they were paid based on their findings. While in medical school, Freud developed a friendship with Josef Breuer, another physician and psychologist. One of Josef Breuer’s patients was Anna O. Anna O. was a young woman who had a serious case of hysteria. She had temporary paralysis and could not speak her native language, though sh...

Working in Groups

Aryanna Cabrera Working in Groups Thesis Statement: Working in groups has many downsides and few upsides for its participants. I. Body 1: A. Positive side to group work is limited. B. Less work to do, more people. C. More ideas than just one person. II. Body 2: A. Negative side to group work is more abundant than the positives. B. Different opinions lead to disagreements. C. Not everyone does his or her job. III. Body 3: A. Evaluation is unfair most of the time.B. Individual contributions are not reflected in the grade. C. If someone is not doing his or her job, report it to the teacher. When working in groups, students are usually evaluated on others work. If they did a good job then everything is fine, but if they did a bad job, it could potentially hurt the evaluation process. Working in groups has many downsides and few upsides for its participants. Positive things about working in groups are very limited.One of the positive things about group work is that work can be divided amo ng several people, which can help the job get done faster than if it was all done by one person; like John Heywood said: â€Å"Many hands make light work. † Another good thing is that a group of people brainstorming together will come up with more ideas and solutions than a single person working alone. Vincent Lombardi, an NFL coach, once said that â€Å"Individual commitment to a group effort – that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work. Everyone must do his or her part in order to be successful and get a good evaluation. This does not always happen. On the contrary, group work has too many downsides. One negative thing about working in groups is that when you have many different ideas and opinions, disagreements are bound to arise, which can stall the project. Some other negatives about group work are that if one person doesn't complete their task, the whole project will suffer; the bigger the group, the more difficult it is to schedule times when everyone can get together.Most times, there is always one person that says they do not know how to do anything; another, that always does all the work and then is going insane, and one that does not do anything until the last minute. â€Å"There are two kinds of people, those who do the work and those who take the credit. † This quote by Indira Gandhi is right on point. Every group always has these kinds of people and that should be taken into consideration by the professor when evaluating. The evaluation process for group works is usually very unfair because it is not individual.It would be considered unfair because individual contributions are probably not reflected in the grades, weaker ones students disadvantage stronger students, and it may be perceived as unfair by students. Daphne Patai, a university professor, once said: â€Å"The professor needs to investigate and learn how the group in fact functioned and who did what. I believe this way the professor makes sure that the grading process is fair for everyone. † Working in groups is supposed to be fun.It should teach the participants how to communicate, how to be responsible, how to collaborate with others, and how to do teamwork. Instead, it makes you want to never want to work in a group again, not trust anyone in the group, and always double check everyone’s work just in case there could be anything wrong. Cathy Middlecamp said: â€Å"When you put students into groups, many of the hard working students do all of the work and the lazy students do nothing and still receive the same grade. This is not fair to those who worked hard, or to those who sat in the corner and talked the entire time. Because of all of the arguments presented above, I believe that working in groups is not wise unless the professor gives individual grades; even then, I do not like working in groups. Works Cited â€Å"Grading Group Projects. † WMST-L. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://u serpages. umbc. edu/~korenman/wmst/group_grading. html â€Å"Grading Methods for Group Work. † Enhancing Education. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://www. cmu. edu/teaching/assessment/howto/assesslearning/groupWorkGradingMethods. html â€Å"Indira Gandhi Quotes. † Brainy Quote. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/i/indiragand109081. html â€Å"Inspirational Quotes About Team Work. † Inspiring Team Work Quotes And Short Teamwork Stories. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://www. values. com/inspirational-quotes/value/92-Team-Work â€Å"Teamwork Quotes. † Desktop Quotes. Web. 11 Jan. 2013. http://www. desktop-quotes. com/teamwork-quotes. html â€Å"Teaching Stories: Disadvantages of Collaborative Learning. † CL1. Web. 11 Jan. 2013. http://www. wcer. wisc. edu/archive/cl1/cl/story/middlecc/TSCMD. htm

The Tragic Hero of “Antigone”

Lindsey Folcik Mrs. Monzel Period 1 8 April 2010 The Tragic Hero of Antigone In Sophocles’ play Antigone, both Creon and Antigone display some characteristics of a tragic hero. Creon is the king of Thebes following the late Oedipus and his sons. He decrees that no one should ever bury Polyneices because he was a traitor to his city, while Eteocles would be buried with full military honors. Antigone hears this proclamation and decides to bury her brother, Polyneices, in order to follow the laws of the gods. They could both arguably be the tragic hero of the story. A tragic hero is usually of high birth that has a tragic flaw that causes them to fall from a great height after having a moment of recognition all too late. This comparison between Creon and Antigone will show that Creon best fits the characteristics of a tragic hero. The definition of a tragic hero includes having an anagnorsis, or moment of recognition when they realize their tragic flaw, and this is one way in which Antigone does not qualify as a tragic hero while Creon does. In the beginning, Creon is very stubborn in his decision to kill Antigone for burying her brother. Even after he hears Teiresias’ prophecy, de does not change his mind. It is not until later he realizes that â€Å"it is worse to risk everything for stubborn pride† though it is still much too late for him (235). He sees that â€Å"the laws of the gods are mighty, and a man must serve them to the last day of his life! † (236). He has not served the gods by denying Polyneices a proper burial. By foolishly rejecting the laws of the gods, his â€Å"own blind heart has brought [him] from darkness to final darkness† (242). Now he has recognized the wrongs he has committed against Oedipus’ children, which ultimately causes his downfall. Antigone, on the other hand, is aware of the consequences of her actions from the very beginning. She says to her sister â€Å"I will bury him; and if I must die, I say that this crime is holy†, showing that she has very consciously made this decision. She is also aware of the inevitable outcome of her decision, but it does not stop her as she says to Creon, â€Å"I knew I must die, even without your decree† (208). She ends up accepting her punishment, and still stands by her decision. Even as Creon is about to send her to her death, she says sternly, â€Å"I have not sinned before God† (227). In contrast to Creon’s blind decision making, Antigone made her rash, yet conscious, decision fully aware of the bleak ending, so she never has a moment when she realizes her flaw. In Antigone, Creon is an excellent example of a tragic hero. He has a major tragic flaw and falls from a great height. It could be argued that his tragic flaw is excessive pride. He tries to reason his decision to kill Antigone by asking the Choragos, â€Å"Who is the man here, /She or I, if the crime goes unpunished? † (209). The power of being king seems to have gone to his head. He believes that his â€Å"voice is the one voice giving orders in this city! †, which is true, but his edict is still not popular with many of the citizens (220). He is so prideful, he will even hurt his son, Haimon, to prove his point. He plans to â€Å"Let [Antigone] die before his eyes! † (222). In the end, Creon locks Antigone up in a stone vault to kill her, but he was so full of pride and did not want to be proven wrong that he was willing to hurt his son. Another way that Creon is a very good tragic hero is that he falls from a great height. This great height is the throne of Thebes. Since the death of Oedipus and his sons, he has â€Å"succeeded to the full power of the throne† (196). He is now the most powerful man in the land. Creon states that â€Å"whoever is chosen to govern should be obeyed†, and he insists on showing just how much power he holds. However, after he has his moment of recognition and his fortunes are reversed, he has fallen lower that anyone else. He says that now he has â€Å"neither life nor substance† (244). He has killed Antigone unjustly and indirectly murdered his son and wife. There is not much more miserable than that, in great contrast to his once high and honorable position as king. Through an examination of his tragic flaw and fall from grace, it is easy to see why he is a great example of a tragic hero. One of Oedipus’ daughters, Antigone, could also arguably be the tragic hero of Sophocles’ play. She has some of the main characteristics of a tragic hero, like having a tragic flaw, although she does not have a moment of recognition or fall from a great height. It seems that her tragic flaw is also excessive pride in addition to making impulsive decisions. After Creon’s decree, she refuses to give up, claiming â€Å"Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way† (191). Then, when her sister, Ismene, tries to caution her against such a rash and dangerous decision, Antigone rejects her, as she says, â€Å"I should not want you, even if you asked to come† (192). Sometimes, her great amount of pride comes off as insolence. While she is speaking to Creon prior to her death she says rudely, â€Å"Ah the good fortune of kings, / Licensed to say whatever they please! † (210). Ultimately, her pride and lack of thoughtful decision making cause her demise. But even though she has this tragic flaw, she does not fall from a great height. Her status in society is relatively low, especially compared to that of Creon. As her sister puts it, â€Å"We are only women† (191). In ancient Thebes, women are very low on the social ladder. Also, her family’s â€Å"curse† does not help her status as a woman. The Chorus says that they â€Å"have seen this gathering sorrow . . . / Loom upon Oedipus’ children† (215). The story of her father and family has brought her no honor because â€Å"The blasphemy of [her] birth† has plagued her her entire life (226). So, when she has been found burying Polyneices and is condemned, she does not fall from honor, as a true tragic hero would. Even though Antigone does posses some characteristics of a tragic hero, she does not match the definition as closely as Creon does. All in all, Creon is the true tragic hero of Antigone. He is a perfect example of one, because he has a significant tragic flaw, a moment of recognition, and falls from a very high place. Some may argue that the tragic hero is Antigone, because she has a tragic flaw. But she does not have a moment of recognition or fall from a great height. Clearly, through these examples, Creon is the tragic hero of the play. Works Cited Sophocles. Antigone. Trans. Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald. The Oedipus Cycle. USA: Harcourt, 1977. 186-245.

Contrib.of paint. in Mid. Age essays

Contrib.of paint. in Mid. Age essays The development and contrubutions of painting in the Middle Ages Cimabue, an Italian painter, was the first famous painter of the city of Florence. Cimabue's painting of the Madonna Enthroned is painted in a traditional style based on the medieval art of the Byzantine Empire. His faces and figures are rendered stiffly, and placed vertically without size relationship to the figures around them. Cimabue's works have great personal force and effect, even though the forms are traditional. Giotto was the most important painter of the 1300's. His paintings of the Madonna Enthroned was painted approximately twenty years after Cimabue and shows a slight contrast to the painters that came before him. Giotto painted the throne of the Madonna with open sides and showed two bearded men looking through the openings. In this way, he gave the feeling that the scene is not flat, but a sense of spacial depth and perspective. The angel's gazes are more expressive and the Virgin resembles an actual woman. His realistic style revolutionized painting in Italy and the natural figures in his works foreshadowed great changes in art. The Limbourg brothers were noted illuminated manuscript painters. Their most famous manuscript was a prayer book called Les Tres Riches Heures. In the vividly colored illuminations, beautiful lords and ladies amuse themselves while servants tend to the guests. These illustrations rise above all others of their time with intricately designed crowd scenes and exquisite detail. Hieronymus Bosch was a Dutch painter who is best known for his triptychs(three paneled paintings). Many of his paintings show landscapes full of distorted people, fantastic demons, and unidentifiable objects. Bosch's largest and most complex work is a triptych called The Garden of Earthly Delights which displays three interrelated scenes organized around the creation, fall, and damnation of the human race. The left pa...

Michelangelo Buonarroti Biography and Artwork

Michelangelo Buonarroti Biography and Artwork The Basics: Michelangelo Buonarroti was arguably the most famous artist of the High to Late Italian Renaissance, and inarguably one of the greatest artists of all time along with fellow Renaissance men Leonardo DiVinci and Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio). He considered himself a sculptor, primarily, but is equally well known for the paintings he was induced (grudgingly) to create. He was also an architect and an amateur poet. Early Life: Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese (near Florence) in Tuscany. He was motherless by the age of six and fought long and hard with his father for permission to apprentice as an artist. At the age of 12, he began studying under Domenico Ghirlandajo, who was the most fashionable painter in Florence at the time. Fashionable, but extremely jealous of Michelangelos emerging talent. Ghirlandajo passed the lad off to be apprenticed to a sculptor named Bertoldo di Giovanni. Here Michelangelo found the work that became his true passion. His sculpture came to the attention of the most powerful family in Florence, the Medici, and he gained their patronage. His Art: Michelangelos output was, quite simply, stunning, in quality, quantity, and scale. His most famous statues include the 18-foot David (1501-1504) and the (1499), which were both completed before he turned 30. His other sculpture pieces included elaborately decorated tombs. He did not consider himself a painter, and (justifiably) complained throughout four straight years of the work, but Michelangelo created one of the greatest masterpieces of all time on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512). Additionally, he painted The Last Judgement (1534-1541) on the altar wall of the same chapel many years later. Both frescoes helped Michelangelo earn the nickname Il Divino or The Divine One. As an old man, he was tapped by the Pope to complete the half-finished St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican. Not all of the plans he drew were utilized but, after his death, architects built the dome still in use today. His poetry was very personal and not as grand as his other works, yet is of great value to those who wish to know Michelangelo. Accounts of his life seem to portray Michelangelo as a prickly-tempered, mistrusting and lonely man, lacking in both interpersonal skills and confidence in his physical appearance. Perhaps that is why he created works of such heartbreaking beauty and heroism that they are still held in awe these many centuries later. Michelangelo died in Rome on February 18, 1564, at the age of 88. Famous Quote: Genius is eternal patience.

What would you do if you knew someone was not inspecting an aircraft Essay

What would you do if you knew someone was not inspecting an aircraft properly (a mechanic or pilot) How would you handle it as a manager What about as a co-worker - Essay Example I will make sure that this issue does not remain subdued but receives as much attention on the part of the higher authorities as possible (Tsang 2003). This is a very important thing and one should be on guard to report such basic mistakes that the mechanics and pilots commit on and off. As a co-worker, I would also do the same thing. I would speak to the mechanic or the pilot later but before that report the same anomaly to the higher authorities because it is my ethical responsibility and I must guarantee that I come equal to it no matter how difficult or strenuous the circumstances and situations turn out to be. In essence, my focus would be on maintaining close ties with my seniors so that no issues creep up at a later stage. These mistakes can cause fatal aircraft problems and thus proper care and attention must be paid beforehand to avoid any such mistakes and

LEGAL ASPECT OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LEGAL ASPECT OF NURSING - Case Study Example The physician is reluctant to perform the surgery because of the patient’s recent stroke. However, Mr. Suarez’s adult children are insistent that the surgery should commence. As the main caregivers, they are charged with the responsibility of managing their father’s health condition. It is for this reason they push for the best medical care for their father. In light of the unfolding events, there is an ethical dilemma. The ethical committee should act in the best interest of the patient. Due consideration should be made for the physician’s evaluation. There are few kidneys available for transplant but there are many patients in need of kidney transplant. Unfortunately, many patients have succumbed to death during the waiting period. It is disheartening that there is a worldwide shortage of kidneys available for transplant. Potential kidney donors are living donors or deceased donors. For deceased donors they can either be non-heart beating donors (donatio n is made after cardiac death) or heart beating donors (donation is made after brain death). There has been an increase in the kidney donations made by both living donors and non-heart beating donors, but the donations from heart beating donors have declined. ... Given Mr. Suarez’s cardiac complications, a cardiac evaluation is necessary. Physical examination and history is essential for transplant candidates. Patients exhibiting cardiac failure are highly predisposed to cardiovascular events peri-operatively and post-transplantation (Suphamai &. Danovitch, 2007). Abnormal ECG results would warrant further cardiac evaluation. Mr. Suarez’s age is above 50 years, and a stress test should be administered. However, there is need to appreciate the current critical health state of the patient. Several independent medical experts on kidney transplants should be consulted by the ethics committee. They should give a report of the expected kidney transplant in light of the hemorrhagic stroke. There is need to determine if the stroke is a major risk factor that predisposes the patient to a critical health state. If there is a high possibility of an unsuccessful surgery, Mr. Suarez’s eligibility for a kidney transplant declines. The kidney transplant is for the purpose of saving a life and if there is a likelihood of an unsuccessful surgery, it would not be ethical to select Mr. Suarez as a kidney recipient. Comprehensive information is required on the physical and mental health state of Mr. Suarez. Mortalities are mainly caused by malignancy, infection and cardiovascular disease as they are the main complications arising from immunosuppression in the majority of kidney transplant recipients. The transplant assessment process also requires a comprehensive evaluation of Mr. Suarez’s psychosocial, medical and surgical history (Pham et al. 2010). This evaluation is a challenge for transplant physicians as they have to screen for complex medical issues in potential candidates, and another challenge is the non

Consider the product level models of New Product Development Essay

Consider the product level models of New Product Development - Essay Example These factors make the approach to new product development a critical one (Ribbens, 2000, p. 1). The process thus requires management support; it must also benefit from the experience of new product development teams composed of people from all affected activities; it has to follow distinct phases with extremely well defined activities in order to enhance understanding, greater accuracy and reduce risks and failures that are eminent in new product development. Key elements in new product development The process of new product development takes into consideration seven distinct elements, stages or phases. The first element is idea generation. This is the most critical aspect of all the elements in new product development because without idea generation it is difficult to come up with new products. Here ideas are gathered which present possible product options. Many companies conduct idea generation as a continuous process with contributions from within the organization and outside the organization. A number of methods are used and these may include focus group discussions with consumers, comments suggestions and feedback from customers and research from secondary sources. Creative problem solving technique such as brainstorming is used in this case that enables creative minds to come up with new ideas about an existing problem or a gap in the market. In the brainstorming session, first individuals are told about the problem as a creative challenge. This is important in order to come up with ideas that are viable for a new product. After this, people are given a time limit to think and come up with ideas. When the session begins, the people voice out their ideas and the facilitator lists them down with no criticism made. The best ideas are selected by the facilitator and which all group members agree with. The ideas are then evaluated on a scoring criteria and the idea with the highest score becomes the solution to the problem. Another model, the creative problem solving process model advanced by Osborn-Parnes can also be used here if a feasibility analysis has been carried out to identify problems upon which ideas are generated and solutions sought (Blythe, 2006, p. 50). The model is composed of six stages that can be compressed into three with distinct activities at each of these stages. They include: exploring the challenge which involves identifying the goal, gathering relevant data and clarifying the problem at hand; generating ideas involves coming up with options to solve the problem; and preparing for action which involves solution finding and preparing a plan for action. The process is lauded for its involvement of convergent and divergent thinking that can be used at each of these three stages. The second element is screening and this involves the careful and critical evaluations of the options presented by the new product development team to isolate the best idea or attractive options. This could be done in rounds depending on th e number of ideas and may also involve a number of techniques. As the ideas are being evaluated, other considerations are also made in terms of potential sales, the costs of production, profitability, competition. Only the accepted ideas

Alternatives for Capitalism in a Globalised Economy

Alternatives for Capitalism in a Globalised Economy Essential for globalized economy: Communism or Capitalism In this globalized economy now it is a big question for us that, what is the perfect economic system: communism or capitalism? By globalization we can understand cross boarder market. There is an international exchange of labor forces, ideas, capitals, knowledge, products, and services. Now we will focus on capitalism and communism and try to find out that in this globalized economy capitalism or communism, what is best suited? Is Communism applicable in globalized economy? Communism is a concept, in that ownership of land, capital and industry cannot be owned or controlled by the individual. However, under Communism the control of these things is not by a local community but by the State Government. Under this system the government has total control of everything produced and control what is made, and who will receive the goods and services produced. Under this system you are not allowed to own your own home, your own car, your own furniture, or even the food you eat. The State decides what you can use and where you will work. So, we think it is an obstacle for global economy. Because if the country determine what will be produced, how will be produced and for whom will be produced, then developed countries may notbe interested to invest in that country. At the same time Communism kills the will to work, competition, innovation and creativity, where these are the main characteristics of a worker in this modern globalized economy. Why compete to work? You wont make any more money. Why spend time innovating new ideas, or being creative, there wont be anything in it for me. As a result they fail to provide goods and services for their citizens. The Soviet Eastern Communist countries of the 20th century were noted for not having much goods and services for their citizens. Yet, the ruling class always had plenty of everything, and it was usually imported from capitalist countries. While we have rich people in America, we also have a large middle class that live comfortable lives. Even many if not most poor people in America have refrigerators, TVs, and food on the table. Since Communism controls all goods and services, the individual is at the total mercy of the State. You have no rights except those granted by the State. The old Soviet Union was a police state, with total control over its citizens.West Germany was full of cars on the Autobahns. The streets in East Germany were mostly empty, with an occasional person on bicycle, even in the middle of winter. Freedom of travel is restricted in a Communist State because they control who gets what and for how long. If you were lucky enough to get a car in East Germany, it was usually a worthless piece of junk. But, we may face a question that if communism creates hindrance to global economy, then how China runs its global economy as we know it is a communist country? Then our answer will be†¦ While China’s government may be officially communist, the Chinese people express widespread support for capitalism. And since 2002, the Chinese have been one of the strongest proponents of capitalism, even more so than Americans and Western Europeans. During last 30-35 years China has brought enormous changes to its economy. In the late 1970s, the government started opening the economy to foreign investment and privatization. With these changes came sky-high economic growth – an average of 10% since 1980. And now about 76% people of China agree that most people are better off in a free market economy. Listverse showed 10 benefits of Capitalism: Happiness If you look at this happiness map published by scholars from the University of Leicester, you can clearly see that the foremost democratic, capitalist countries like the USA, Canada, New Zealand and the whole of Europe are the happiest in the world. This is because in these countries, thanks to the free-market, whatever products people want, they can get. ViableAlternatives Perhaps the strongest argument working in favor of democratic capitalism is that there is no alternative politico-economic system which has proved itself to work in our modern age. Almost every attempted implementation of communism has failed (China – abandoned total communism long ago and are slowly creeping towards capitalism). America became socialist and imposed many strong measures on corporations to regulate their behavior, the largest companies (Trans-National Corporations) would most likely move their industry elsewhere, and potential entrepreneurs would be scared to invest in capital, irreparably damaging America’s economy. So as you can see, changing the economic system isn’t even an option. Growth Capitalism allows the economy to grow exponentially. It is a basic fact of economics that the more money a firm makes, the more it can invest in production, and the more it invests in production, the more money it makes. So long as no unfortunate events befall the firm, this growth can, obviously, continue indefinitely. Many see a problem arising with this: there are only a finite, or ‘scarce’ amount of resources on Earth, so this huge growth of production will one day run to a halt. Health There is greater awareness than ever of the importance of fitness due to government campaigns. All of these contribute to an extremely fit society, and, in desperation, one can always resort to liposuction or some other sort of surgery. Social Good It might seem at first glance that everyone is selfishly working for their own money, but dig a little deeper and it becomes apparent that every job has a benefit for someone else. Factory workers produce the products that we can’t live without; hairdressers perform a service that benefits us body and soul; and the police work to protect us and make sure we live in a lawful society. Even unpopular and ‘overpaid’ professions such as city bankers and sportsmen have a positive effect on society, whether it be helping us manage our money, entertainment or something else. Equality No matter where you start in life, everyone has an opportunity to make it big. The basic principle is that the harder you work, the greater your reward. Human Nature Being the Best Freedom Built on Democracy (Nunno, Jed Rachael, 2014) An authoritarian communist party controls Vietnam. Its true. But its founding ideology appears all but gone from the hearts of Vietnams people. Vietnam, in fact, may actually be one of the most pro-capitalist countries on Earth. Almost all Vietnamese people — 95% of them — now support capitalism, according to the Pew Research Center, which polled nearly 45 nations late last year on economic issues. No other country in the poll cracked 90%. Even in the United States — where socialist can be used as an insult — only 70% agreed that a free market economy is the best kind of economy. (Winn, 2015) References Nunno, Jed Rachael, 2014. Listverse. [Online] Available at: http://listverse.com/2010/12/24/top-10-greatest-benefits-of-capitalism/ [Accessed 24 April 2015]. Simmons, K., Spring, 2014. Global Attitude Survey, Washington, DC: PEW Research Center. Winn, P., 2015. USA TODAY. [Online] Available at: http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/03/13/vietnam-capitalism-global-post/70261770/ [Accessed 24 April 2015].

Self Knowledge And Happiness In Pride And Prejudice, by Jane Austen Ess

Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen is centred on characters that either gain self awareness and knowledge or possess none at all. Happiness is found even when one has no understanding of selfhood but the most happy and satisfied people in the novel are those who have self knowledge. People that possess self knowledge understand their strengths and weaknesses and characters that gain self knowledge are able to decipher these characteristics and act upon them. As marriage was seen as a great achievement for women in their society, happiness in Pride and Prejudice relates to whether one is happy or unhappy in their marriage. Lydia, Mr WIckham and Lady Catherine de Bourg have no self awareness and are unhappy in the novel. The marriage of Lydia and Mr Wickham is one of the unhappy marriages. Mr Wickham and Lydia are both very similar and are both unaware of their faults; they are both careless with money and see no problem with asking their relatives for money. Lydia as the youngest daughter is well accustomed to having other people look after her and she is dependent on other people. Lydia’s lack of self awareness doesn’t affect her greatly; she is happy and claims that she loves Wickham. She is very fond of him but he is not fond of her and quickly loses interest, â€Å"Wickham’s affection for Lydia, was just what Elizabeth had expected to find it; not equal to Lydia’s for him.† Lady Catherine de Bourg has no self knowledge. She is full of herself and sees herself very highly; it is obvious she is lacks self knowledge. She makes discourteous comments about other people without thought to their opinions and she also enunciates comments about how she views herself. Lady Catherine de Bourg is unhappy because she is disappointed ... ...ejudice and realizes her faults she develops towards Darcy and is then prepared for a more fulfilling happy marriage. People with self awareness can be both happy and unhappy. Mr Bennet has self awareness but he is unhappy because he finds no satisfaction in his family. Elizabeth and Darcy come to know themselves and develop towards each other and so their marriage has the capacity to hold the greatest happiness. Also, happiness can be found when you have no self awareness. Charlotte has self awareness and knows what she wants and needs and so she is content in her marriage to Mr Collins. Mr Collins has no self awareness but is happy because he has a wife and this is what he aspired to. Ultimately, people who have the most self awareness and knowledge who can grow and learn their weaknesses and faults are the people who will have the most happiness in their lives.

The Method of Teaching Conroy’s Used

The â€Å"Water is Wide† takes place on the coast of South Carolina and Yamacraw Island during the nineteen sixties. A man by the name of Pat Conroy offers to teach over on the island, many people on the island have no education and are illiterate. When Conroy gets over to the island he finds himself very disgraceful. The teachers at the school believe that the children cannot be taught. His method of teaching is very different from others. One of Conroy†s goals was to teach the children about America. So he showed them movies and let them listen to American musicians. After doing this about every day, it made an influence in the children†s lives. Big C and Lincoln were the class clowns. They hated the principle because every time they did something bad she would beat them. During most of his time on the island, Conroy stayed with the Skimberry†s. The Skimberry†s were a nice couple named Zeke and Ida. When Halloween came around Conroy decided he wanted to take the children over to Bluffton, South Carolina, or Halloween so they could â€Å"trick or treat.† None of the kids even knew what â€Å"trick or treating† was. After making field trip forms and sending them home with all the children. The children came back with one of them signed. So Conroy went door to door asking begging each of the parents to let their children go. Throughout the story Pat Conroy took the children many places. Unfortunately Mrs. Brown and Ted Stone accused him of doing many wrong things. He was not able to return the next year. Even if Conroy did not teach the children anything, he still felt they would be able to survive in the outside world. I like this book. It made me very thankful that I have a good education. I also like the way Pat Conroy writes. In the future, I hope to read some of his other books. My favorite part of the book was when they would listen to the music of different artists, I also liked when they would play outside and he would tell about how they played so roughly. This was the best book I have read in a long time. The one part I did not really like was how it did not really tell when the story took place. I also did not like all the description. I think people of all ages should read this book. The Method of Teaching Conroy’s Used The â€Å"Water is Wide† takes place on the coast of South Carolina and Yamacraw Island during the nineteen sixties. A man by the name of Pat Conroy offers to teach over on the island, many people on the island have no education and are illiterate. When Conroy gets over to the island he finds himself very disgraceful. The teachers at the school believe that the children cannot be taught. His method of teaching is very different from others. One of Conroy†s goals was to teach the children about America. So he showed them movies and let them listen to American musicians. After doing this about every day, it made an influence in the children†s lives. Big C and Lincoln were the class clowns. They hated the principle because every time they did something bad she would beat them. During most of his time on the island, Conroy stayed with the Skimberry†s. The Skimberry†s were a nice couple named Zeke and Ida. When Halloween came around Conroy decided he wanted to take the children over to Bluffton, South Carolina, or Halloween so they could â€Å"trick or treat.† None of the kids even knew what â€Å"trick or treating† was. After making field trip forms and sending them home with all the children. The children came back with one of them signed. So Conroy went door to door asking begging each of the parents to let their children go. Throughout the story Pat Conroy took the children many places. Unfortunately Mrs. Brown and Ted Stone accused him of doing many wrong things. He was not able to return the next year. Even if Conroy did not teach the children anything, he still felt they would be able to survive in the outside world. I like this book. It made me very thankful that I have a good education. I also like the way Pat Conroy writes. In the future, I hope to read some of his other books. My favorite part of the book was when they would listen to the music of different artists, I also liked when they would play outside and he would tell about how they played so roughly. This was the best book I have read in a long time. The one part I did not really like was how it did not really tell when the story took place. I also did not like all the description. I think people of all ages should read this book.

Democracy & America

In the world today and in America, democracy is the most valued and the vaguest political terms in the current political times and campaigns. The term democracy by definition is a governmental system in which the citizens retain and exercise the political sovereignty. This means that the citizens of a country have a direct say and would contribute in the administration of the country through one of their elected representative.The democracy in America is controlled by two major principles that has to be observed, these are; citizens have equal access to power and are guarded the same while the second one is that, the same power guards all members to enjoy the societal freedoms and liberties. Another very clear definition of democracy is that, it is a form of government which is constituted by the people of a country and in which the supreme power of that government is vested on the same people who constitute it.3 This government by the people lack any form of hereditary or class dist inction differentiation on class basis or privileges. True democracy is voted for by the majority and one that serves and works for the interest of the people, although in any country true democracy is not being experienced by the citizens, they have a voice during elections. This allows the citizens to elect whoever will represent their particular interest and standards. 4In the world there are three major types of democracy that are well known, namely direct democracy, representative democracy and liberal democracy; Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which the citizens have the right and the responsibility to attend meetings the national assembly and participate in the making of policies. In this case all the directly contribute and affect the decision making process. This system has representatives who drew the agendas for such assembly meetings.In this kind of democracy all the citizens have the right to vote and hold offices and it is the duty of all the citizens in a c ountry to actively participate in the decision making process which is determined by the majority. 5 Representative democracy is the kind of democracy that is used in the American Democracy. This form of democracy is characterized by the fact that the citizens elect their representatives who make the decisions on their behalf. Representative democracy is practiced both at the state level, local levels and eve n at the institutions levels. 6The third form of democracy is liberal democracy which is a form of representative democracy in which the elected representatives that hold offices and have the power of decision making on behalf of the public are moderated by the rule of law (constitution). The rule of law in all circumstances emphasizes the protection of the individual rights and the rights of the minority groups in the society. The most basic rights to be protected by the rule of law are like the rights of assembly and speech, the rights to owe and use private property, the rig hts and freedom to religion and the right to be equal before the rule of law.This democracy is as well characterized by elections; it is also characterized multi party systems and also an independent judiciary. These forms of democracy are being practiced in different countries and they all have their advantages and disadvantages. 7 A society that experiences any kind of democracy among the ones discussed above must meet some of the minimum characteristics. Those characteristics have to be met for a society to be referred to as democratic.The main characteristic of a democratic society is to educate the whole society to understand what democracy is and to know their obligations, contributions and requirements as citizens in a democratic society. 8 After the education of the public about their democracy they should also experience that they have the power to choose and replace the government through free and fair elections, the citizens should be actively be involved in the politics and the civil life, the democratic government should have the ability to protect the human rights and in that society the rule of law (i.e. the laws and the procedures) to apply equally to al citizens. All these are the minimum qualifications for a democratic society. 9 A democratic society first is characterized by a political System by which there is competition for power. Democratic societies have the mandate of to choose their leaders and to ensure that they are held accountable for their policies and conduct in office. In this due process of election the people decide who will represent them in parliament and who will head the government at the national and local levels.This is done in a fee and fair elections. In this society the government is based on the decision of the citizens because they are sovereign. In this society the elected representatives at the national and the local levels are always consulting their electorate and work according to their needs and representativ es. The principle of the public suggestion has to be observed since the public have the right and obligation to monitor their representatives business in the government and are free to criticize them.10 This requirement for a democratic society demands that free and fair elections be held after a regular interval as prescribed by law, this elections are not to be influenced by the people in power who do not have any right to extend their time in office without asking the consent of the people. In all democratic elections al the candidates also have the right to campaign freely and to present their ideologies to the voters.The whole process must be monitored by independent electoral observers and a committee that is to resolve any electoral disputes. 11 The second requirement to be met by a democratic society is that the citizens have a bigger responsibility to participate in public life. The society have the mandate and the obligations to be informed about public issues, they have t he obligation to watch carefully how their political representatives use the powers vested on them and to give their opinions and criticism on the same.This can only be achieved if the civil societies who represent a variety of interest and beliefs educate the public and especially women their democratic rights and responsibilities, improve their political skills, represent their common interests, and involve them in political life. In this system there is no one that should be forced to support any political party and the citizens should always be free to support any political party. 12The third requirement for a democratic society is that every citizen in the society has some basic right that is guaranteed under the international law and the state cannot take away from them. The citizens have the rights to have their own beliefs and to communicate freely. They too have the freedom of religion; this states that everyone is free to chose their own religion and to practice their reli gious norms as they deem fit for them. The citizens in such societies have the right to associate with other people and to be incorporate and to be incorporated in the organizations of their own choice.With all these freedoms and others, the state puts it upon the citizens to exercise these rights peacefully, with respect for the law and for the rights of others. 13 The fourth and last basic requirement for democracy in a society is that it be recognized as the rule of law. This rule of law protects the rights citizens, help in the maintenance of orders and helps to limit the power of government. In such a society all the citizens are treated equally under the rule of law and are not being discriminated based on their gender, race, religion or even the ethnic group.In this society the citizens are being protected by law and should never be arrested arbitrarily, they have the right to know their charges and anybody charged with a crime has the right to a fair, open and speedy public trial by an impartial public court. 14 In a democratic society no one is above the law and the law treats people equally. Although these are the requirements of any democratic society, all the societies in the world do not prove to obey them and to defend them. Therefore democracy is only a political term which is not put into practice.Work cited http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-liberal-democracy. htm Retrieved on 19th July 2008 Janda Kenneth and Et al (2004) The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America Houghton Mifflin Blaich Theodore Paul and Baumgartner Joseph Cornelius (1953) the Challenge of Democracy. Published by McGraw-Hill http://www. hewett. norfolk. sch. uk/CURRIC/POLIT/DEMOC. htm Retrieved on The 19th JULY 2008 http://college. hmco. com/polisci/janda/chall_dem/9e/student_home. html Retrieved on The July 19, 2008